A 3.3-Gb/s SPAD-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are a burgeoning technology used for variety of applications, including modern security and encryption systems. Typical methods exploit an entropy source combined with extraction or bit generation circuit in order to produce string. In integrated designs, there is often little modeling analytical description the source, extraction, post-processing provided. this work, we present single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based QRNG design, which utilizes quantum flip-flop (QRFF) method. Extensive detector imperfections that result degradation performed. A new method analytically model serial autocorrelations proposed method, includes dead time, proposed. Then, Verilog-AMS developed validate simulation. novel transistor implementation QRFF presented, enables compensation inherent finite non-symmetric transitions flip-flop. Finally, full system containing two independent arrays manufactured tested 55-nm bipolar–CMOS–DMOS (BCD) node, demonstrating statistics commensurate model. The chip able generate 3.3 Gb/s data when operated external LED. Pixelwise spatial analysis bias correlation NIST STS (SP 800-22) SP 800-90B benchmark generated strings.